A.C.E. 2/ACE CD 2.iso/FILES/DOCS/PAGESTD.LHA/PageSetter.doc2

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                            PAGESETTER

Typed in by ???. Edited by PARASITE.


CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GETTING STARTED
You should start by reading  this  manual  through at least once. Then
follow the tutorial  introduction  through  the  creation  of a simple
page. The tutorial  will  give  you  practice  with  all the important
PageSetter functions, and gives  at  least  passing  notice to all the
more esoteric options. Once you have  completed this, you are ready to
create your own  stunning  publications,  whether  advertising flyers,
quarterly   business   reports,   presentations,   resumes   or   club
newsletters. PageSetter will open new  horizons for your creativity to
explore.

CHAPTER 2

TUTORIAL

2.1  USING PAGESETTER
PageSetter uses a true "desktop metaphor" to make creating spectacular
layouts as easy as possible. Just think  of your Amiga's screen as the
top of your desk. All the various  tools  you use to design and layout
pages are placed close at hand.  You  have  a good supply of materials
like paper and glue  organised  and  ready.  Let your imagination soar
while PageSetter takes care of the details.

2.2  LOADING PAGESETTER
Double click the PageSetter disk icon with the left mouse button. once
the window opens double click on  the PageSetter icon. PageSetter will
load, and you will be looking at a screen similar to figure 1.

2.3  CREATING A PAGE
Now you are ready to to  create  a  page. Press the right mouse button
and move the pointer to the Page menu. Still holding  the  right mouse
button down, move  it  down  the  menu  to  Create.  Release the mouse
button. The page set-up requester  will  appear  (see figure 2). Since
this is going to be  the   standard  8.5"  x  11" page, you can safely
ignore all the options given,  and  simply  click  the mouse button on
"OK". The page set-up requester will  disappear  and a blank page with
rulers along the top and left edges will take its place. You have just
created a page!

Now is a good time to get  acquainted  with some of the gadgets on the
right hand side of the screen. Select  the Ruler gadget and watch what
happens. Try the same with the Grid and Margins gadgets. These gadgets
can be left on or off, at  your  convenience. Their only purpose is to
make it easier for you to  align  text  and graphics on the page, they
have no other effect on program operation.

PageSetter allows you to set  the  scaling  on  the  grid and ruler by
using the artboard menu. This  menu  lets  you select either inches or
picas as the unit of measure,  and  lets  you choose how far apart you
want your grid lines or ruler marks. (A  pica is a unit of length used
in printing. It is equal to 1/6 of an inch).

2.4  CREATING A BOX
Now that you have a page, you need  a way of putting text and graphics
onto it. To  do  this,  you  must  first  create  a  "box". PageSetter
supplies two ways of  making  boxes,  the  Box  gadget and the Autobox
function. Right now we  will  only  deal  with  one  of these, the Box
gadget. To create a box, click on the Box gadget, and move the pointer
back onto the page. You  will  notice  that  this  has changed from an
arrow to a cross-hair. This is  to  make  it  easy to position the box
with accuracy. There is also a set  of co-ordinates at the upper right
of the Artboard, to allow you to place the box exactly as you want it.
Move to the upper left of  the  page,  and press the left mouse button
(don't let it go!!!). Still holding  it  down, move down a bit towards
the lower right of the page, until it is as large as you want it (make
it fairly large). Now you have a box!

2.4.1  What is a Box?
A box is simply a rectangular  "holder"  for text or graphics.Each box
has its own font, background, border,  formatting etc. Boxes can be as
large or as small as you  care  to  make them. They can be transparent
(useful for putting text on top or around large pieces of graphics) or
opaque (for the layered look).  Text  boxes  can  be "linked" (more on
this later) together to automatically  format  an article in one shot.
They can even be linked from page to page, no matter how far apart the
pages are in the article! Boxes are  the key to PageSetter's power and
flexibility.

2.4.2  The Current Box
The last box which the left  mouse  button  was clicked in, or the box
you have just  created  has  a  thick  outline  and  is  known  as the
"current" box. Most box operations  take  place with reference to this
box. Note that an outline is  different  to  a border (more on borders
later). If you like you can turn the  box outlines on and off with the
Outlines gadget. Normally you will want the box outlines turned on (to
be able to distinguish boxes easily), but you can turn them off to get
a better idea of what the completed page will look like.

2.5  FILLING THE BOX WITH QUICKTEXT
PageSetter supports two methods of  putting  text  into boxes. You can
create text by using the integrated text editor, or you can enter text
directly using QuickText. To  enter  text  using  QuickText, click the
mouse on the QuickText gadget. A  requester will appear, asking you to
enter your text. Click the  mouse  in  the  text gadget and type away.
When you are finished, click on "OK", and your text will be entered in
the current box. Quicktext will accept  up  to 100 characters at once,
and is primarily intended as  a  method  for entering titles, headings
and other short entries where it would  be inefficient to use the text
editor. Note that you will be  unable  to  see exactly what you wrote,
since the text is to small to see  on the full-sized page. To see your
text clearly, you need to magnify the view.

2.6  TAKING A CLOSER LOOK
Click the mouse on the Magnify  gadget.  The  page will be blown up to
show the upper left corner. At the same time, the Page Position gadget
will change from a solid white block  to  a smaller white block in the
upper two thirds of a  larger,  black  area. The white block indicates
the size and position of the area of  the page seen on the screen. The
black area represents the entire page.  For instance, if you wanted to
look at the lower right corner of  the  page, you would move the white
block to the lower right of the  black  area. To see the middle of the
page, move the white block to the centre of the black area, and so on.
If you need to zoom in still  more, click on the Magnify gadget again.
This  will  display  about  1/8  of  an   8.5"  x  11"  page  at  full
magnification. At this level, one pixel (a pixel is one single display
dot) on the screen is equal to one  pixel on the printer. What you see
is what you get.

2.7  CUSTOMISING YOUR BOX
Now that you have a box, and can see what's in it, you can try some of
the special effects which can be used in boxes. Go to the Box menu and
select current. This will give  you  a  requester (see figure 3) which
allows you to pick the attributes of  the current box (by the way, the
default selection gives you the same  requester, and allows you to set
the default attributes for  creating  boxes).  This requester contains
several gadgets which you can use  to  customise your box. The gadgets
and their functions are as follows:

GADGET          FUNCTION
Background      Selects the texture for the box background.
Border          Selects the style of border for the box.
Border Position Selects the position for box borders.
Leading         Sets the amount of leading between lines.
Margins         Sets the margins for the box.
Font            Selects the font for the box.
Shadow          Toggles the box shadow option.
Transparency    Toggles the box transparency.
Justification   Sets the justification for text in the box.
Tracking        Sets the maximum letter separation for
                micro-justification in Flush justification.

Try different combinations of settings,  to  see  what effects you can
achieve. The only gadget here which will  not have a visible effect is
the Transparency gadget. This  gadget  makes  the  box background see-
through, so that other boxes can  be  seen  behind it. It is primarily
used for putting text on  top  of  graphics.  However, you are sure to
find new and novel uses for  it  and  the  other options as you become
more familiar with PageSetter.

2.8  MOVING, SIZING AND DESTROYING BOXES
Often you will want to change a box's  position or size, or get rid of
one entirely. You may  want  to  do  this  while  re-designing a page,
trying different layouts for an article  or  for some other reason. To
resize a box, simply move the mouse  to  the lower right corner of the
box, and press the left button. The  pointer will become a hook (if it
doesn't then make sure  that  you  are  right  in  the corner when you
click). Then move the mouse until  the  box  is desired size. You will
find that  this  function  is  very  similar  to  the  windows  on the
Workbench. Moving a box is just as  easy. Just move the mouse into the
box, anywhere BUT the  lower  right  hand  corner,  and press the left
button. The pointer will become a hand,  and you can then move the box
anywhere you wish. You can even move  the  box right off the page onto
the Artboard if you want  (the  pointer  will become a thumb-tack when
you do this). This is most useful for temporary storage of boxes while
you are changing the layout of a  page,  or when moving a box from one
page to another (note that  you  have  complete freedom to leave boxes
only partially on the page, or to  have  the page overlap boxes on the
Artboard).

In order to destroy a box, you must  move it to the lower right of the
screen, over the garbage can.  When  the  box is correctly positioned,
the pointer will change to a tombstone, to warn you that you are about
to do something drastic. Releasing the  mouse  button will now consign
the box to its doom, unless,  in  destroying  the box the contents are
destroyed as well. In this case, you  get  one last chance to save the
box before you seal its fate.

2.9  CLIPART MADE EASY
In addition to text, PageSetter  allows  you  to  add graphics to your
page. To do this, select Graphics Editor from the Department menu. The
screen will change to  that  shown  in  fig.  1.4 This graphics editor
contains  everything  you  need   to   create  stunning  graphics  for
PageSetter (see  the  Graphics  Editor  tutorial  for  more).  It also
supports the IFF file format, for  data interchange with Deluxe Paint,
Aegis Images and other popular Amiga graphics packages (you should use
medium or low resolution (640 x  200  or  320 x200) and monochrome for
best results).

To load a picture file into  the  graphics editor, move to the Project
menu and select LOAD. When the file selector comes up, select the file
"Amiga pic." by clicking on it  and  then selecting LOAD. You can also
enter a file directly into the  file  requester by clicking on the box
where the filename  appears,  and  typing  in  the  new  filename. The
picture will load and appear on your  screen.  Now, all you have to do
is clip out the portion you want,  and return to PageSetter to display
and print it. To clip it, select  the  Frame gadget, and then move the
pointer to the upper left of  the  image. Press the left mouse button,
and move the pointer to the lower  right of the image. You will notice
that this causes  a  frame  to  be  drawn  around  the  image.  If you
miscalculate and don't get all of the  picture in the frame, or if you
get part of another clipart in the frame, you can reframe by following
the same procedure again. Now that your  clipart is framed, clip it by
going to the Frame menu and  select  CLIP  with the 1:1 option. That's
all there is to it, so you can  go back to PageSetter by choosing EXIT
from the Project menu.

2.9.1  WHERE IS MY CLIPART?
When you return to PageSetter from the Graphics Editor, anything which
you have framed and clipped is  stored  under the Paint Gadget. To put
it on the page, create a  box.  When  you  have  the box, click on the
Paint gadget, move the  pointer  to  the empty  box (the pointer will
become a paintbrush) and click the  mouse. This will paint the clipart
into the box (note that if the clipart is larger than the box, part of
it will be hidden, although it will all be there). Now all you have to
do is to align the clipart so  that  it shows exactly what you want to
show.

2.9.2  ADJUSTING YOUR CLIPART
Once your clipart is safely in it's  box, you will want to position it
correctly. To do this you use  the Graphics Adjust gadget. Clicking on
one of the arrows  will  move  the  clipart  in  the direction chosen.
Clicking on the centre  of  the  gadget  will  centre  the  box on the
graphics the way it was when it  was first painted. At this point, you
can also size the box larger  or  smaller,  to display more or less of
the image as you wish.

2.10  LOADING TEXT WITH THE TEXT EDITOR
OK, so far you can configure  PageSetter  to your liking, create pages
and boxes, customise them, and  display  graphics  and short pieces of
text. You know about the Artboard  and  how  to move boxes around, and
how to get rid of an unwanted box. Now you can start to use PageSetter
as a serious tool, by loading in  a  large text file and formatting it
through a series of boxes. The first thing  to do is load the text. Go
to the Department menu, and select  Text  Editor. This will put you in
the PageSetter text processor.  All  you  need  right  now is the LOAD
command. Move to the Project  menu  and  select  LOAD with the Generic
option. When the File selector  comes  up, select "PageSetter.txt" and
then click on "OK".

At this point, you could edit the  file, do searches, insert or delete
text, or any other text processing  operation. This is a complete word
processor in itself.  It  will  load  files  from  popular  Amiga word
processors, such  as  Scribble  or  Textcraft.  This  example  text is
already complete,  so  you  can  skip  over  all  the  text  processor
functions for the time being  and  simply  go  to the Project menu and
select EXIT (don't worry about  losing  your  text,  it will be safely
stores for you, just like clipart was).

2.10.1  WHERE'S THE TEXT?
When you select EXIT from the  word processor Project menu, PageSetter
stores your text beneath the  Write  gadget.  To  put your text on the
page, you must create another box, exactly as you did before. When you
have created your box, select the  Write  gadget, and move the pointer
over the box.You will  notice  that  the  pointer  has  changed into a
pencil. Now click the mouse  inside  the  new  box.  Your text will be
written into the box, and you  can  move  it and customise it, just as
you did with the box containing  QuickText.  Now that you have several
boxes, you can experiment  with  the  Transparency  gadget  in the Box
menu, and with overlapping  them  and  using  BoxToFront and BoxToBack
gadgets (you'll find that they  work  like  the window controls on the
Workbench, except that they only affect the current box).

2.10.2  MY BOX ISN'T BIG ENOUGH!
Unless you have made a very large box, you will find that your text is
cut off at the bottom. Whenever there is  more text than will fit in a
box, PageSetter indicates  this  by  putting  a  tiny  Size Me outline
around the sizing area of the  box  (the  lower right hand corner). To
display all your text, you could enlarge your box, but that would mean
having to resize it every time  you  changed  fonts, and would make it
impossible to format your page the  way that you wanted to. PageSetter
supplies a much better way.

 2.11  LINKING BOXES
In order to display and  to  format  large text files, PageSetter lets
you link boxes into chains. A piece  of  text in a chain starts in the
first box of the chain, and flows from  it into the next box, and then
into the next one etc. until the end of the chain is reached, or there
is no more text to display.  The  links  can  stretch off the page and
onto the Artboard, between  pages  and  to  anywhere  on any page. The
total amount of memory in your system  is the only limit to the number
of boxes you can have in a chain, or the number of chains you can have
overall.

To create a chain, click on  the  Box  gadget, and create another box.
Now click in the box that you  just  filled  with text, to make it the
current box. Then select the Link gadget. The pointer will change to a
pair of linked boxes. Move the mouse to  the box you wish to link (the
box you just created) and  click.  Instantly,  the text of the article
will flow from the first box into the second (if nothing happens, make
the first box smaller). Use magnify mode  to see if you are displaying
all the text in the file  yet.  If  not,  make  the boxes in the chain
larger, or link another box to it.

2.11.1  ARTICLES
An article is simply a text file displayed in PageSetter, whether in a
single box, or a linked  chain.  The  short  piece of text you created
with QuickText is an article, as  is  the  large file you loaded using
the text editor. An article is attached  to  the first box in a chain,
and flows from it through all the other boxes in the chain. Deleting a
box in the chain  has  no  effect  on  the  article itself, PageSetter
simply re-formats  the  text  to  flow  through  the  boxes remaining.
Unlinking (see below) a box  creates  two new articles, one consisting
of the old article up to the point  that the chain was broken, and the
other consisting of the old article from  the  break to the end of the
article.

2.11.2  TRACING A CHAIN
In order to  make  it  easier  to  format  a  chain,  and  the article
displayed in it,  PageSetter  supplies  you  with  two  handy gadgets.
NextBox and PreviousBox. Clicking on PreviousBox makes the box "ahead"
of the current box  on  the  chain,  become  the  current  box, and if
necessary, changes the display so  you  can  see  it. NextBox does the
same thing for the box "after" the  current  box. If there isn't a box
before or after the current box, these gadgets have no effect.

2.11.3  Unlinking Boxes
Sometimes you will want to  split  an  article  in two or more pieces.
Either for ease of formatting or in order to edit only a small portion
of a large article (more on how to  edit an article later). To do this
simply click on the Unlink gadget.  The  pointer will become a pair of
boxes, with a broken link.  Then  click  on  the  first box in the new
chain you wish to create. The link  is broken just "above" the box you
unlink. To re-link a broken  chain,  or  to  link two separate chains,
simply follow the normal  linking  procedure.  Remember  that the link
gadget links the current box to the box that you click the pointer in.
Note that unlinking a chain  will  not  immediately change anything on
the screen. Sizing any of the boxes  above the break in the chain will
show you that the link no longer exists.

2.12  EDITING THE CURRENT BOX
There are two  ways  to  access  the  graphics  and  text  editors  in
PageSetter. The first is  to  select  either  one  from the Department
menu.  This  method  is  used   when  entering  new  information  into
PageSetter. Either by hand, or from disk. The second method allows you
to take information from a graphic  or  text  box  (or a chain of text
boxes). This is the Edit gadget. Clicking  on this gadget puts you and
the information contained in the  box  or  chain into the Paste buffer
(graphics) or the main edit  buffer  (text) of the appropriate editor,
so that you can modify it "on the  fly". In the graphic editor you can
perform any function  except  CUT  or  FRAME  before  Pasting, without
losing the contents of the buffer.  Note  that in the Graphics editor,
that you have the option with either a 1:1 or a 5:4 ratio.

2.13  MOPPING UP
Sometimes you may want to try  several radically different articles in
the same set of boxes, to see  which  looks and reads the best. Or you
may wish to try different  clipart  for  the  same reason. It would be
possible to  simply  throw  out  all  the  boxes  containing  unwanted
information, but that would destroy  all  your careful positioning and
sizing. To help you out with this,  PageSetter allows you to "mop" out
the contents of the boxes, using  the  Mop  gadget. To use Mop, simply
click on the Mop gadget, and then  click  on the box or chain that you
wish to mop out. If you click  on  any  box in a chain, it deletes the
entire article in that chain.

2.14  PRINTING YOUR PAGE
Now that you have your page completed, you can print it out, simply by
going to the Department menu,  and  selecting PRESS. Since your entire
document consists of  one  page,  you  can  select  either  the Entire
Document or the Single Page option. If you had more than one page, you
could select Entire Document to make a complete copy of your document,
or Current Page to print  only  the  page  displayed on the screen. In
order for the page to  print  properly,  you  should have your printer
Preferences set to the following attributes:

   1) Black and white
   2) Aspect Horizontal
   3) the Threshold should be set  to  a value between the Paper and
      Ink colour (for the default colours this should be set to "2")

If the Preferences are not set  properly PageSetter will warn you. The
PageSetter disk has these attributes already set for you.

2.15  OTHER FEATURES
PageSetter has several features which  don't  quite  fit under any one
category. While you  don't  need  any  of  these  to  create brilliant
typesetting with PageSetter, they can make it a good deal easier.

2.15.1  COLOUR ADJUST
The Colour section of the Preferences menu allows you to configure the
program display to suit your taste and monitor. To set the colours, go
to the Colour section of the Preferences menu and select the component
(Grid, Ink, Paper) whose colour you  wish  to change. When you release
the mouse button,  the  the  Colour  requester  will  appear. Move the
colour sliders to adjust the display to your satisfaction.

2.15.2  COLUMNS
In the Page requester, you will  see  gadgets  to set column width and
spacing. Normally, your page has  no  columns  on it. However, setting
these can give you an additional  guideline  for laying out your page.
They also allow you  to  make  use  of  the AutoBox function discussed
below.

2.15.3  AUTOBOX
Until now, whenever you wanted to  put  text  or graphics on the page,
you had to first create  a  box.  Using  the  Autobox function, you no
longer need to do this  (except  for  QuickText, which operates on the
current box). Simply use the  Page  requester  to  put columns on your
page,  of  whatever   width   and   spacing   you  choose.  PageSetter
automatically checks  for  illegal  combinations  (such  as  too  many
columns of that width to fit  on  a  page). Then, whenever you use the
Paint or  Write  gadgets,  click  within  a  column.  PageSetter  will
automatically create a box  as  wide  as  the  column,  and as long as
possible. The Autobox will not overlap  other boxes in the columns, or
go beyond the bottom margin.
Note that  you  don't  have  to  define  columns  to  use  the AutoBox
function. If there are no  columns,  PageSetter  will use the margins.
However, this creates a very large  box,  which may be confusing. Note
also that clicking outside the columns and margins WILL NOT produce an
AutoBox. AutoBox is functional only  within  columns and margins. Once
created, AutoBoxes behave exactly as other boxes.

2.15.4  PAGE SELECTOR
In the tutorial, you only created  one  page,  so there was no need to
change pages. However, PageSetter allows  you  to  have up to 99 pages
defined. To change  from  page  to  page,  you  use  the Page Selector
gadget. Clicking on the up arrow increases the page number to the next
highest number (this is usually by  one,  but PageSetter allows you to
number your pages in  any  sequence  you  want).  Clicking on the down
arrow decreases the page number to the next lowest amount. Clicking on
the body of the gadget  allows  you  to  enter  any page number, to go
directly to it. If you enter  a  non-existent  page number, it will do
nothing.

2.15.5  SNAP
Selecting the Snap gadget makes all box operations "snap" to the grid,
that is to take effect at  the nearest grid intersection. This affects
box creation, sizing and  moving,  but  does  not  affect the Autobox,
which  still  uses  the  margins  and  columns  defined  in  the  Page
requester. Snap will  work  even  if  you  have  the  grid turned off,
allowing you to do precision alignments when you want an uninterrupted
view of your page.

2.15.6  QUICKMOVE
Normally, when you  move  a  box,  there  is  a  slight  hesitation as
PageSetter gets ready to move  the  complete  box image. You can avoid
this delay by  selecting  Quickmove  from  the  Preferences menu. With
Quickmove turned on, PageSetter only displays the box outline when you
move a box and its contents. This  is  useful  when you do not have to
line up the box contents precisely with something else.

CHAPTER 3

THE GRAPHICS EDITOR

3.1  USING THE GRAPHICS EDITOR
Although PageSetter is intended primarily as  a page design and layout
package, it does contain a powerful  graphics  editor, to allow you to
create your own clipart.  This  graphics  editor  has several features
which fill the unique needs of Desktop Publishing.

First of all, it  is  black  and  white.  This  is because the clipart
created on it will  eventually  be  printed  on  a printer, which only
produces monochrome  output.  Instead  of  the  colours,  the graphics
editor gives you a variety of  shades,  which provide a grey scale. If
you load a colour picture into  the  graphic editor, these shades will
be used in place of the original  colours. However, the results can be
unpredictable. You can use  these  same  shades  from  the Shades menu
whenever you use the Area Fill function (see figure 4).

The second important difference between this graphics editor and other
Amiga graphics programs is  the  resolution  displayed on screen. Most
packages use a primary display which is 320 pixels wide and 200 pixels
high, although some allow other resolutions to be used.
In contrast, the PageSetter graphics editor  gives a resolution of 640
pixels wide by 200 pixels high. This  is to allow as close as possible
a 1:1 correlation  between  the  screen  and  the  printer (the actual
correlation is 5:4). If you  wish  to  use  clipart created on another
program on your page, it should  be  in  this resolution or it will be
distorted.

Finally, the PageSetter graphics  editor  allows  you to automatically
scale an image when you clip it.
Selecting the 1:1 option will clip the  image exactly as it appears on
the  screen,  which  will   cause   it   to  seem  slightly  elongated
horizontally on the printer.
Selecting 5:4 will adjust the clipped image  to appear the same on the
printer as it does on the  screen,  however some horizontal lines will
be thickened.
The 1:1 ratio allows you  to  create  images specifically intended for
the printer, with the slight change  in aspect ratio already accounted
for.
With the 5:4  option  you  can  transfer  any  image  directly  to the
printer, and let PageSetter adjust it for you.
If you wish to have the best  of both worlds, clip an unadjusted piece
of clipart with 5:4 scaling. Then paste it down, with 1:1 scaling and,
using magnify, touch up the  areas  affected  by the scaling. Finally,
clip it out at 1:1, EXIT to  the  PageSetter main screen, and paint it
into it's box. This will yield  the most satisfactory results with the
smallest amount of effort.

In addition to  these  specialised  features,  the PageSetter graphics
editor contains a  repertoire  of  the  more  standard graphic editing
functions. These  features  are  mostly  accessed  through  the gadget
window which appears on the screen.  You  can hide this window, if you
like by selecting the "Gadgets  Off"  option  in the Preferences menu.
This window contains several  gadgets,  which  you  can  use to create
various drawing effects - to magnify  a  portion of the screen, to cut
out a piece of the whole  image,  to correct errors etc. These gadgets
provide you with everything  you  need  to create eye-catching artwork
for PageSetter.

The gadget window contains  several  gadgets  which deal directly with
drawing on the screen.  They  include  two  freehand  drawing tools, a
straight line tool, a number  of  brushes,  a  spray can, an area fill
tool, and two object tools. These gadgets are explained below.

3.2  BRUSHES AND THE SPRAYCAN
At the bottom of the gadget window is the brush palette. These are the
shapes which will be put  on  the  screen  when  you draw. The current
brush that you have selected is used to perform all drawing operations
such as line, circle, box,  etc.  There  is one important exception to
the rule, the spraycan. The spraycan is  a brush, but it is treated as
a drawing tool. When you  are  drawing  with  the  spraycan, you get a
random "spray pattern" which always  consists  of one pixel dots. This
is useful for shading and ghosting effects.

You may also use a custom  brush  of  your own design, by framing (see
over) an area of the screen,  and  then selecting Brush from the Frame
menu.  The  area  framed  will  become   the  brush  for  all  drawing
operations.

3.3  THE CURRENT COLOUR
Since the PageSetter graphics editor  uses  only two colours, you only
need one gadget to  control  the  colour.  This  is the Current Colour
gadget. When this gadget shows a  white  circle on a black background,
the current colour is white. When it  shows  a black circle on a white
background, the current  colour  is  black.  Clicking  on  the Current
Colour gadget switches it from black to white and back again.

3.4  CONTINUOUS AND NON-CONTINUOUS DRAW
There are two ways that  the  graphics  editor  can  draw a line. Both
methods involve checking the  mouse  position  at  short intervals and
both will produce smooth curves when  the  mouse is moved slowly. They
differ in the way they behave when the mouse is moved more quickly.
One way is to draw a line FROM the last mouse position, TO the present
one. This is continuous draw and  it produces a smooth, unbroken trail
behind the mouse. However, if you move the mouse too quickly, the line
will consist of a number of straight  line segments (which may be just
what you want).
The other way of drawing a line is to put a point AT the current mouse
position. This will also produce a smooth curve, but when the mouse is
moved quickly, the line will consist  of  a number of individual dots,
separated by empty space  (which  again,  may  be  just the effect you
want).
Which method you choose depends on what  type of effect you are trying
to accomplish. Note, you MUST have  one of these gadgets selected when
you are attempting to freehand draw. If you have any problems drawing,
check to be sure that one or other of these gadgets is selected.

3.5  LINE DRAW
Use the Line gadget whenever you  wish to produce a perfectly straight
line. When you are in Line mode,  click and hold the left mouse button
at the point that you wish  the  line  to  start. This will anchor the
line, and give you a "rubber-band" line, using the current brush. Move
the mouse to the point that you want  the line to end, and release the
left mouse button. This will anchor the  other end of the line. That's
all there is to it!

3.6  DRAWING SHAPES
The gadget window also contains two  tools  which are very useful when
you want to quickly make a square  or  rectangle, or a circle or oval.
These are the Rectangle gadget, and the Ellipse gadget. When either is
selected, you must use the same  "click  and hold" technique used with
the Line gadget.
In Rectangle mode, the point that  you  first  click on must be one of
the corners of the rectangle you wish  to draw. You must then move the
mouse pointer to  the  opposite  corner  of  your  rectangle, and then
release the mouse button.  The  rectangle  will  then be drawn exactly
where you placed it, in the current brush.

When using the Ellipse  gadget,  you  must  first  click on the centre
point of the circle  that  you  wish  to  create.  Then move the mouse
pointer out until the circle is as  large as you want it. Then release
the mouse button to draw in the circle.

3.7  FILLING AREAS
The graphics editor allows you  to  "colour  in" large areas using the
Fill gadget. Simply click on  the  Fill  gadget, and then click inside
the area that you want  filled.  The  graphics editor will then "pour"
the current colour into the area  clicked  in,  out to the boundary of
the region outlined. For instance,  you  could  create a box using the
Rectangle gadget, and then fill it  with the Fill gadget. The boundary
in this case is formed by  the  lines created by the Rectangle gadget.
Be careful that your  border  line  is  completely  solid. If not, the
shade that you are filling the  region  with  will "leak out" and fill
the whole screen, then you will need to UNDO it!

3.8  MAGNIFY MODE
Often you will want to do fine detail  work on a piece of clipart that
you are creating. To make this easier for you, the graphics editor has
a magnify mode. Clicking on the Magnify  gadget will give you a window
containing a  magnified  view  of  the  screen  immediately  below it.
Clicking on the magnifying gadget again,  will blow up the image still
more. You can close  the  magnify  windows  by  clicking  on its Close
gadget. When you are using magnify, there are two ways to position the
window.
The first is to  grab  the  window's  drag  bar,  using the mouse, and
physically move the window to the position you want it.
The other method  is  to  "point  and  shoot"  with  the mouse. Simply
position the mouse pointer over the area that you wish to magnify, and
click the left mouse button.  The  window  will  instantly jump to the
position that you have selected.
When you are in Magnify mode, you  can  only draw one pixel at a time,
change the level of  magnification,  and  change  the  colour. All the
other gadgets and functions are disabled.

3.9  I'VE BEEN FRAMED
One of the most  important  operations  that  you  can  perform in the
graphics editor is Frame. Framing an image allows you to manipulate it
in various ways, size it, use it  as  a  brush,  erase it, use it on a
PageSetter page etc.
In order to frame a portion  of  the  screen, select the Frame gadget,
from the gadget window and move the mouse pointer to the upper left of
the image that you wish to frame.  Then  press and hold the left mouse
button, move the mouse pointer  to  the  lower  right of the image and
release the mouse button.  If  you  make  a  mistake,  just repeat the
process.

Once you have the clipart framed, you can use the options in the Frame
menu to manipulate it. You can produce  a  mirror image of it by using
Reflect X, or Reflect Y,  empty  the  frame  with the Clear option, or
make it larger or smaller, using the Size command.

3.10  ENTERING TEXT
Although you will perform  most  text  functions  using the PageSetter
main screen, the graphics  editor  does  allow  you  to enter text, by
selecting the Text gadget in the gadgets window, and clicking the left
mouse button at the desired position.  This will give you a requester,
which you can type your text  into.  When  you have entered your text,
click on OK, to enter the text into the graphics editor.
To change Fonts, or to change the  text display mode, you must use the
Font menu.  Choosing  the  New  Font  option  will  bring  up  a  font
requester, which you can use  to  select  the  font that you wish your
text to appear in.
The other three  options  (Fg,  Fg+Bg,  and  Complement)  are  used to
control the way that the text is written to the screen.
Fg (Foreground) mode simply puts the  text  down  on the screen in the
currently SELECTED colour.
Fg+Bg (Foreground + Background) mode, puts down a box in the currently
UNSELECTED colour, large enough to  hold  the text, before writing the
text into the box.
Complement mode writes the text in the OPPOSITE colour of the paper or
ink underneath it. Example - white  on  a black background, black on a
white background.
Note that if the background colour changes  in the middle of the text,
so will the text colour.

3.11  CORRECTING ERRORS
Perhaps the most important gadget is  the Undo gadget. The Undo gadget
removes the result of the  last  operation. Whatever the operation was
that you last performed will be "undone". However you must be careful,
whenever you make a mistake,  that  you  do not perform ANY additional
operations, between making the mistake  and undoing it. Any additional
operation would be undone and the  original mistake would have then to
be undone by hand.

3.12  COORDINATES
Coordinates may be enabled by selecting the Coordinates On option from
the Preferences menu. Once  selected  they  appear  in the upper right
corner of the screen, and display the position of the mouse (in inches
or picas as selected through the  Artboard menu in the main PageSetter
screen) while drawing.

In Line, Rectangle, Ellipse or  Frame  modes, the coordinates indicate
the current position  of  the  mouse  relative  to  the  start  of the
operation (i.e. centre of an ellipse or start of a line).

When sizing, the coordinates  display  the  current  size of the frame
relative to the original. For  example,  a  reading  of 0.5, 0.5 would
indicate that the current frame  is  half the original size vertically
and horizontally.

The coordinates may be turned  off  by selecting the "Coordinates Off"
option from  the  Preferences  menu.  Furthermore,  they  may  be  re-
positioned by dragging  (position  the  mouse  over  coords, click and
move!) them to any desired position.

CHAPTER 4

THE TEXT EDITOR

4.1  USING THE TEXT EDITOR
PageSetter also contains a text editor,  to  enable you to compose and
edit the articles that you  wish  to  publish  before you format them.
Like the graphics editor, the text  editor is specialised for Desk-Top
Publishing, and as such it differs from most word processing packages.
The most important  difference  is  the  lack  of  display  and format
controls. Since PageSetter itself performs  these functions far better
than a word  processor  could,  the  text  editor  doesn't  need these
capabilities.

It is important to be aware of this difference if you intend to use an
external word processor to create  articles  for PageSetter. Most word
processor text formatting commands require that you include formatting
commands in the actual text  of  your  article.  If you display a file
which includes such commands,  PageSetter  will  show  the commands as
text. That is, they  will  be  displayed  as  characters, and will not
invoke  their  special  functions.   However,  the  following  special
commands can be included in the  text  created  on the text editor (or
any word processor  usable  with  PageSetter).  These commands control
text display and formatting within PageSetter, but not within the text
editor.

FORMATTING COMMANDS
        \b              Set bold on/off
        \i              Set italics on/off
        \u              Set underline on/off
        \o              Set outline on off
        \s              Set shadow on/off
        \r              Set reverse on/off
        \n              Set plain on/off
        \-              Set hyphen

Simply insert these commands in front of  and behind the text you want
enhanced. Alternatively, you  can  turn  them  off  by  using  the "n"
command, which turns off  all  enhancements  at  once. Inserting a "-"
into a word tells PageSetter where to hyphenate the word if it becomes
necessary. It is always a  good  idea  to  imbed  soft hyphens in long
words.

Note  that  when  you  import   files  from  TextCraft  or  Scribble!,
PageSetter will automatically change  the  enhancements into the forms
discussed above. Thus, files may be  directly imported from these word
processors into PageSetter.

4.2  MOVING AND EDITING
The text editor contains all the functions necessary to create text to
be displayed in  PageSetter,  including  search  and replace,and block
text operations. Unlike the graphic editor, and the Artboard, the text
editor has only three  gadgets,  the  Scroll  Bar  and the directional
arrows which go with it.  The  Scroll  Bar  indicates  how much of the
current file is displayed on the screen (indicated by the white block)
as well as your current position in the article.
You may move up and down in the article in three different ways.
You can scroll up or down a single line by clicking on the directional
arrows at the top and bottom of the scroll bar.
You can move up or down  a  whole  screen  at  once by clicking in the
black portion of the scroll bar above or below the white block.
Finally, you can  click  directly  on  the  white  block  and slide it
directly to the location you want.
If you only want to  move  to  somewhere  on  the screen, then you can
simply point the mouse where  you  want  to  go, and click. The cursor
will automatically move to that position.

You can also move around your file by using the cursor keys, either by
themselves or in  combination  with  the  shift  and  control keys. By
themselves the cursor keys will  move  you  one  character up or down,
left or right.
Holding Control and left or right  cursor  key, will move you one word
left or right.
Holding Shift and the left or right cursor keys moves you to the start
or to the end of a line.
Note that Shift or Control have no effect on the up and down keys.

The Shift and Control also modify the  use of the Delete and Backspace
keys. Alone, these keys  will  remove  the  character under the cursor
(Del), or the character before the cursor (Backspace).
Used with the CTRL key these keys will remove the word under or before
the cursor.
Using Shift with the DEL key, will  clear  the line from the cursor to
the end of the line.

KEY             FUNCTION                CONTROL         SHIFT
Up arrow        move up one line
Down arrow      move down one line
Right arrow     move right one char     move right      move to
                                        one word        right edge
Left arrow      move left one char      move left       move to
                                        one word        left edge
Backspace       delete char to          delete word to
                left of cursor          left of cursor
Delete          delete char             delete word     clear line
                under cursor            under cursor    to rt edge
Escape          Undo last operation

You can use the commands listed  on  the  previous page to create your
text without ever needing to  learn  the  other functions available in
the text editor. However, if you are  working  on a large file, or are
doing a lot of  text  editing,  it  is  worthwhile  to  learn the more
advanced functions, since they can make your work a great deal easier.

A function that deserves special mention  is the "Undo". If you should
make a mistake while using the  text  editor, do not despair. Pressing
the Escape key will undo the  last key command executed. For instance,
if you wanted to  delete  a  word  with  Ctrl-Del, and instead pressed
Shift-Del, clearing the line to the right  edge, you could get it back
by pressing the Esc key.  Note  that  this  command does not work with
single character deletions (it is just  as easy to press the character
just deleted). Nor does it affect the block cut operations (see below)
since these can be corrected by using the Block Paste operations.

4.3  THE PROJECT MENU
The options in the project menu allow you to load, save and print text
files, as well as allowing you to clear the editor and Paste buffer.

4.3.1 LOADING AND SAVING FILES
You can load text files into  the  text  editor, by selecting the LOAD
option from the Project menu. Note  that  you have a number of options
regarding the type of file  you  wish  to  load.  The text editor will
accept files from both Scribble! and  TextCraft. There is also an all-
encompassing Generic option, which  will  load  almost  all other text
files. When you save a file from the PageSetter editor, it is saved in
the Generic format.

4.3.2  Printing Files
Selecting the Print  option  from  the  Project  menu,  will  give you
several options to print  the  currently  loaded  file. This option is
useful when you wish to  proof-read  large  files,  or produce a draft
copy of your article.
If you chose "to printer"  the  file  will  (naturally) be sent to the
printer.
If you select "to file", it will instead  be sent to a disk file which
you can store for later printing.
You also have several options to set the format of the printed page:
Page length (in lines), top  margin,  bottom  margin, left margin, the
line length, and the  line  spacing.  The  file  will automatically be
formatted flush left.

4.3.3  CLEARING THE EDITOR AND THE PASTE BUFFER
The other two options in the  Project  menu are Clear Editor and Clear
Paste.
Selecting Clear Editor will  empty  the  editor,  leaving  you with an
empty screen.
Selecting Clear Paste will empty the Paste buffer.
Both of these options will ask you  that you want to clear the buffers
before they proceed.

4.4  THE EDIT MENU
The advanced functions of the text editor are accessed through the two
menus.
One, the  Block  menu  contains  all  the  commands  which  relate  to
manipulating blocks of text.
The other, the  Edit  menu  contains  all  the  functions  used  to do
searches, replaces, and other  operations  which  act  through out the
entire file. The Edit menu contains the following functions.

4.4.1  MARK AND EXCHANGE
Selecting the Mark option from the Edit menu causes the text editor to
"remember" the current cursor position.  If  you later select Exchange
from a different area of your article,  you  will be moved back to the
position that you marked.  At  the  same  time,  your  old location is
marked. This allows you to swap  back  and forth between two locations
in your file quickly and easily.

4.4.2  FIND
Selecting Find will give you a  requester  to enter "search key" info.
This is the word or word  fragment  which  you will be looking through
the file for.
There is also a small arrow,  indicating  the direction of the search.
Clicking on this arrow  will  reverse  its  direction. When you select
"OK", the text editor will  scan  from  the current cursor position in
the direction of the arrow.
When it finds the  occurence  it  will  stop  searching,  and move the
cursor to the search pattern position.
Indication is given if the pattern is not found.

4.4.3  REPLACE
The Replace option is similar to the  Find option. If you have already
entered a search key , then this  will be the default. It differs from
Find, in that a word or phrase has to be entered to replace the search
key with.
You will also be asked to choose either Global or Query as an option.
Choosing Global will automatically change  all  the occurences to that
chosen, in the direction of the arrow  to  the beginning or end of the
file.
Select Query, and the text editor will stop at each occurence and give
you the choice of replacing it or not.

4.4.4  AGAIN
Choosing the Again  option  will  cause  the  last  Search  or Replace
command executed to be repeated.

4.4.5  TOP AND BOTTOM
The Top and Bottom commands can be  used to move directly to the start
or end of the file.

4.5  THE BLOCK MENU
The second command in the text editor  is the Block menu. Its commands
all relate to the currently marked block of text.
In order to mark a  block  of  text,  move  the cursor to the position
where you want the block  to  start,  and  select Start from the block
menu. Then move the cursor to the end position of the block and select
End. Alternatively,  you  can  move  the  mouse  to  the  chosen start
position, click and hold. Then  still  holding  down the mouse button,
move the cursor to the bottom of the  block that you want to mark, and
then release  it.  Again,  the  text  that  you  have  marked  will be
highlighted.
Once you have  a  marked  block,  then  you  can  use  the other block
commands to manipulate it.

4.5.1  UNBLOCK
If you find that you have  mis-marked  a  block,  you can cancel it by
selecting the Unblock option,  from  the  block  menu.  Note that this
choice will not clear the Paste buffer  if you have previously Cut  or
Copied this block.

4.5.2  TOP AND BOTTOM
Like the Top and Bottom commands in  the Edit menu, these commands can
be used to move to the start or the end of the currently marked block.

4.5.3  CUT
The Cut command unmarks  and  deletes  the  currently marked block and
stores it in the Paste buffer. From here, you can either ignore it, in
which case it is gone  forever,  or  use  Paste  to  replace it in the
article wherever you want it.

4.5.4  COPY
The Copy command is identical to the  Cut command, except that it does
not delete the marked text prior  to  putting  it in the Paste buffer.
Seleting Copy does not unmark the current block.

4.5.5  PASTE
Choosing Paste from the Block menu will insert the current contents of
the Paste buffer (the block which  you  last  Cut or Copied) into your
article, starting at the current  cursor  position.  Note that you can
Paste the same buffer any number of times, at any position within your
article.

CHAPTER 5

EDITING AND PUBLISHING

5.1  POWER PUBLISHING
Whenever you produce any type of  publication, It's primary purpose is
to convey information. To do this, you must somehow convince people to
read it. Editors, publishers and marketeers  have argued loud and long
on the best way to make this happen, but they all agree on two primary
points. You must first capture  the  readers  ATTENTION, and then keep
his INTEREST. These are the two  legs  that support a well thought-out
publication. Both are necessary to  achieve  the  aim of spreading the
news.

5.1.1  ATTENTION GETTING, OR HOW TO SCREAM ON PAPER
The attention getting portion of  a  publication occupies a large part
of the available  space,  relative  to  the  amount  of information it
contains. In the case of a flyer or circular,it may well occupy 90% or
more of the page.  Therefore,  a  disproportionate  amount of time and
effort are put into the creation  of  the graphics and text which make
up the attention getters. (This is  why advertising executives make so
much money.) The reason  for  this  is  simple. Most publications must
compete with others to be read.

The average bulletin  board  in  a  college  or  university  is a good
example. There are announcements for  group excursions, people selling
used cars, people offering typing services people looking for rooms or
for room-mates.

Most people do not read more than  a fraction of the posted bulletins.
Take someone trying to sell a  car  on  such  a bulletin board. To get
good results, the bulletin must draw   attention to itself quickly and
effectively. that means it  must  have  large,  clear lettering, which
expresses the intent of the  bulletin  in  a  few words ('85 Chevy FOR
SALE). It must have  interesting  graphics  (perhaps  a picture of the
car) related to the text at the top.
It must have that special SOMETHING  that  will set the bulletin apart
from and above all the others.  A  bulletin which does this is halfway
towards selling the car for it's  owner,  with  no other effort on his
part.

The keywords for  attention  getting  on  paper  are  eye-catching and
attractive.
They go hand in  hand  towards  ensuring  that  it is YOUR publication
which the reader reads, when everyone else's  winds up on the floor of
the budgie cage.

5.1.2  EARNING INTEREST
Now that you have the  readers  attention,  what  do  you do with it?.
Remember that  the  primary  goal  of  any  publication  is  to convey
information, and the attention  getting section contains only the bare
minimum required to get the  reader  to  look further. The information
should be presented in a clear easy  to  read manner.  "5 spd. Pb. Ps.
AC. Quad Stereo, lo mls. $5000 or  bo" may be easily understandable to
anyone who knows about cars and  bothers  to  think  about it , but "5
Speed, Power Brakes,  Power  Steering,  Air Conditioning, Quadraphonic
Stereo, Low Miles, $5000 or best offer" is understandable to everyone,
and requires no time for thought at all.

A cardinal rule for all  publishers  and  editors  is "Don't make your
reader work any harder than he  has  to." This rule applies equally to
daily newspapers and hand lettered flyers for a high school dance.
If you don't have enough room  for  all the information, don't squeeze
it in as tightly as  possible.  instead,  leave  out  some of the less
important points, and present the  crucial  ones  in  a clear, easy to
understand manner. It is better for the  reader  to miss a few bits of
information, which you sacrificed for better clarity, than to have him
miss your whole presentation because  he  couldn't  read (or bother to
figure out) what was there.

5.2  ADVERTISING
While the techniques  above  apply  equally  well  to  newsletters and
advertising flyers, there are a few  more considerations to be studied
when advertising.
First, you must consider the environment which your ad will appear in.
Will it be published in a magazine, among many other advertisements?
Is it going to be part of a direct mail campaign?
Will it need to mesh with other components of your publicity campaign?

While these questions will not provide you  with a clear formula for a
hard-hitting effective advertisement, they  will  help  you to gain an
understanding of what your ad is  up  against. Remember, that you have
to compete for the readers' attention.
If you are advertising in a  magazine,  then  the chances are that you
are not only going to be  competing  with other ads for attention, but
with other advertisers in your line of business, for customers.
If so, then you will want to  emphasise the advantages of your product
(without putting down your opponents  too  much  - unless you are very
sure of your ground - as you  may  leave yourself wide open to a libel
or slander suit).
If you are involved in a direct  mail campaign your main problem is to
get the reader to open your  letter,  as  many mail ads go straight in
the bin! You will have to weigh the objectives of your advertising and
the potential of your product to find the formula which best suit your
business.

5.2.1  COMPONENTS OF AN AD
In addition to the Attention  and  Interest sections of a publication,
an advertisement has two more Desire and Action.

The Desire section is  often  incorporated  into the Interest section,
but may be separate. Simply put,  the  Desire section tells the reader
why he needs your product and your product alone.
It is different from the Interest  section,  which gives the facts and
information about your product, in that  it shows the reader what your
product will bring him. It  may  be  couched in abstract terms (power,
prestige, fame and fortune are all  popular)  or  be solid and down to
earth (Joe's Deli has the best  tasting hot sausage in town). However,
the only necessary link  between  the  actual  product and the flowing
prose in the desire section is in  the  mind of the reader. If he sees
your product as a route to  his  desires,  the advertisement will be a
success.
Be careful of extravagant claims. Today's society is too sophisticated
to be taken in with wild promises.
The Desire section should simply  point  out the advantages which your
product will bring (or could conceivably bring) to the reader.

The Action section tells the reader  what  action to take, assuming he
is interested enough to want to purchase your product.
This section does not normally require  a  great deal of planning, and
is often very small and  discreet.  Nothing  more  than a phone number
and/or address is required.
However large or  small  this  section  MUST  be  included  in your ad
somewhere, so that your customer can reach you.

5.2.2  ATTRACTIVE ADS
A great deal of time and effort  has  been expended trying to find out
if ads are more effective if people liked them or not.
Recently, the question has been  resolved.  People are 20% more likely
to respond to an ad they like, rather than one that irritates them.
They are also much more likely to enjoy an ad for a product they like,
than one they dislike.
This raises two important considerations.
First, you must have  adverts  people  enjoy,  or  they won't buy your
product.
Second, you must have a  high  quality  product,  or  you will get few
repeat customers.
Creating a universally enjoyable ad  is  difficult,  but by using your
own reactions as  a  gauge,  should  give  good  results. Showing your
completed ad to five or six  friends  will  provide a barometer to the
public's reactions.
Of course, you must be  certain  that  you are getting valid opinions,
even if they are negative! If  you  don't  know when you're wrong then
you'll never get a chance to be right.

5.2.3  BECOMING AN AD-MAN OR HOW TO BUY A BMW IN 3 EASY LESSONS
The  techniques  listed   above   are   the   basic  requirements  for
advertising, and can be  used  for  anything  from  peddling pizzas to
pushing Porsches.
However as in any other artistic  endeavour (and god advertising IS an
artform) there are no set rules and limitations.
Examine ads in magazines and try to figure out why you like or dislike
them. Then apply your findings to your own advertising.
Try re-arranging the sample flyers provided  on the PageSetter disk to
see if you can increase  their  effectiveness.  Whenever you create an
ad, never let it rest as "good  enough".  Always try to make your next
ad better than your last, and you will be rewarded for your efforts.

5.3  NEWSLETTERS
Up until now we  have  dealt  mainly  with  the  advertising effect of
Desktop Publishing. There are a number of reasons for this.
First of all, many people will  want to use PageSetter exclusively for
creating advertising material.
Secondly,  and  more  important,  the   skills  that  you  develop  in
advertising can be used veery effectively in putting out a Newsletter,
writing a resume,  generating  a  quarterly  status  report,  making a
presentation, or any other application  that  you may have for printed
material.

This section on  editing  will  be  presented  from  the viewpoint of
putting out a small newsletter.  But  the techniques are applicable to
any  publication  with  a  larger  amount  of  text  than  a  straight
advertisement.

Pick up any newspaper, read  it  and  record your impressions. Pick up
another newspaper and do the same.
you will notice that each has  its  own distinctive "style". This is a
combination of the typeface   used,  how  the  pages are numbered, the
"tone" of the article, the  quality  of the printing, the organisation
of the newspaper as a whole, and a myriad of other tiny details.
The cumulative effect of all  this  allows  you to recognise one paper
from another, without even seeing the title on the front page.
These details do  not  occur  by  accident.  They  are  the  result of
editing. One of the major jobs  an  editor  has, is to ensure that the
style and flavour of the paper  is  consistent with each issue. He has
to make sure that the grammar  and  spelling is correct and confirm to
the paper's standard. He has to  make sure that the articles published
are going to interest his readership.
In general, an editor is responsible  for co-ordinating the efforts of
all the staff and contributors, to produce a high quality publication,
interesting, error free, and on time.

5.3.1  CONTRIBUTIONS
Editors are nothing without something to  edit. Just as a newspaper is
nothing  without  any  articles.   To   get   an   article,  you  need
contributors. For a newspaper in a  small  club, you may find yourself
hard pressed to find  enough  contributions  to  fill your newsletter.
Even in a larger club,  finding  volunteers  on  a weekly or a monthly
basis can be difficult. In order to  allay  this, it is a good idea to
get your newsletter officially sanctioned  and  supported by the club.
This way, not  only  are  you  guaranteed  financing  (for duplication
etc.), but  you  can  offer  small  incentives  from  club  funds  for
published  contributions.  You  can  also   ask  each  of  the  club's
executives to  do  a  report,  thereby  ensuring  a  steady  stream of
articles. Don't be afraid  to  ask  people  to contribute, most people
will be flattered to help. Soon you  will  have more work than you can
handle. This leads  to  the  next  important  function  of the editor,
delegating responsibility.

5.3.2  EXPANDING YOUR NEWSLETTER
Once your newsletter grows beyond a certain  size, it will be too much
for you  to  edit  competently  and  effectively.  This  size  will be
dependant on how much time you can put in, and how busy you are.
Eventually though, as its popularity grows  you will need help. Giving
up complete editorial control  is  not  so  bad.  You become Editor in
Chief and as such have the last  word  on  what goes in and what stays
out. The quality of your paper should improve even more.

5.3.3  AND IN SUPPORTING ROLES
Once you have decided that you need help, then you must decide on what
sort of help you need. This is very much dependent on the size, style,
and frequency of your publication.

5.3.4  COLUMNS AND REGULAR FEATURES
You already have the nucleus of  the  team that you are building. This
is your core of regular  and  semi-regular contributors. If you devote
certain sections in  each  article  (columns  in  newspaper jargon) to
certain people, you can create an inventory of regular features, which
will start to attract more interest and more readers.
Columns usually appear in the same place  in every issue and deal with
one subject.
Each  columnist  would  be   responsible  for  gathering  information,
organising it into a presentable form and writing the column in such a
way as to attract and interest readers.

5.3.5  THIS REPORT JUST IN
Another important role on the  staff  of  a  newsletter,  is that of a
reporter.
Unlike a columnist, who may express opinions or recommendations in the
column, a reporter usually gathers  news  and  provides another set of
eyes for the reader. A  reporter  should  present news without passing
judgement, is clear, concise and objective.
The bigger the newsletter, the more  reporters  may be needed to cover
particular fields.

5.3.6  FINISHING TOUCHES
The Copy Editor is responsible for  ensuring that each edition goes to
the press error free and grammatically  correct.  if a story or column
is too long, then he  shortens  it.  Spelling is checked, generally by
computers and he casts his eye  over  the  result to see if any errors
slip through.

5.3.7  A PICTURES WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
A photographer is invaluable  to  your  team.  If  you have difficulty
finding a Pro.  Check  out  the  good  enthusiastic  amateurs, as they
invariably have their own equipment, and can offer quality approaching
that of a Pro.

5.3.8  TAKING YOUR OWN PHOTOGRAPHS
If you cannot get anyone to take the photos, then try it yourself!
Buy a good 35mm camera and use Black & White film. Photo Journalism is
a demanding skill, there are libraries  full  on  the subject - so get
reading!

5.3.9  GETTING YOUR PHOTOGRAPHS INTO YOUR NEWSLETTER
Unless you have a Video  camera  and  Digitiser, then you cannot enter
your photo directly into the Amiga.
If you leave a space the  same  size  as  your photo on the page, then
print out the page normally, then you can attach the photo to the page
over the  space,  before  duplication.  If  you  use  a  high  quality
photocopier, this produces excellent results.

5.3.10  ALTERNATIVES TO PHOTOGRAPHY
If you decide against having photos, you  don't have to use text only.
You can  use  the  graphics  editor  in  PageSetter  to  make credible
drawings. If you find that a lot of  time is spent on artwork, then it
might be an idea to get someone  with  an artistic turn of mind, as an
illustrator.

5.3.11  PUBLISHING WITH STYLE
Try to create a specific tone and  style for your newsletter, and then
stick to it. Decide how  much  humour  and  flippancy to allow. Decide
which fonts to use.
Generally, you want large fonts for  headlines,  a smaller font in the
same face for text, and an  intermediate font for captions and general
use.
Resist the temptation to use four  or  five different typefaces in the
same publication. This  will  only  distract  the  reader.  But by all
means, occasionally use an  unusual  or  striking  font  for a special
purpose. But don't overdo it.

Advertising, if you have  any  must  be  handled differently. You must
make a decision on whether or  not  the  ad fits the overall style you
have chosen for your paper, and either  print it as it stands or don't
print it at all.

Editing is a demanding task, and doing  it with style is even more so.
However, the rewards are well worth  the  effort. To see a publication
through from concept to printing press is a great experience. To do it
time and  again,  and  do  it  well  gives  you  a  feeling  few other
endeavours can match.
DeskTop Publishing gives you the tools that you need. PageSetter makes
it easy.

CHAPTER 6

REFERENCE SECTION

6.1  THE GADGETS

6.1.1  PAGE SELECTION GADGET
This gadget is used to  select  the  page  you  wish  to work on using
PageSetter. Selecting the "up" arrow will advance the page to the next
highest page. (Note  this  is  usually  but  not  necessarily by one.)
Setting the "down" arrow  will  decrease  the  page  count to the next
lowest  page. Clicking on the body  of  the gadget allows you to enter
the page number directly. See also: Page requester.

6.1.2  BOXTOFRONT AND BOXTOBACK
These gadgets only effect the current  box.  They  are used to put the
current box in front of, or behind,  all  the other boxes on the page.
In this respect, they are similar to  the front and back gadgets found
on the workbench. It is a good idea to click your boxes back and forth
from back to front once in  a  while,  when  you are working on a page
with a lot of boxes on it, to  make sure that you haven't "lost" a box
behind another one.

6.1.3  Grid, Ruler, Snap, Margins And BoxOutlines
These  gadgets are all toggles. That  is  , clicking on the once turns
them on,  clicking  on  them  again  turns  them  off.  They  are  all
highlighted when selected, and darkened when de-selected

Grid turns the Artboard  grid  on  and  off,  you  will  find the grid
invaluable when you are placing boxes  on  the  page. It allows you to
see exactly where each box is, and makes precise alignment simple. See
also: Artboard menu.

Ruler controls the rulers which appear  around the page. They are best
used with the grid turned on, as  the  grid lines can be thought of as
extensions of the ruler markings. See also: Artboard menu.

Swap causes all  operations  which  are  position  oriented (move box,
create box, etc.) to 'snap' to  the  nearest intersection of the grid.
This function  works whether or  not  the  grid is displayed. Changing
the size of the grid effects  the  positions which will be snapped to.
(every 1/2 inch, every 1/4  inch,  etc.)  Again, this function is very
useful when accurate positioning is  required, and speeds up precision
operations a great deal. See also: Artboard menu

BoxOutline is used to  turn  the  outlines  on  the  boxes on and off.
Normally you should leave the BoxOutline  on  to enable you to  easily
manipulate boxes. However they  may  be  turned  off  in  order to see
exactly how the completed page will look on paper, or to assist you in
lining up the text in different  boxes.  When  doing this you are best
off without the grid or grid snap,  but with the rulers on. this gives
an unhindered view of the text,  while  the coordinates can be used to
give exact position  information.  Under  normal circumstances, simply
aligning the boxes will take care  of  this  for  you , but if you are
aligning different fonts, or graphics, this technique is very useful.

6.1.4   MAGNIFY
The Magnify gadget is used to set the page magnification that you wish
to work with. There are three magnification levels available. Clicking
Magnify advances one level of magnification,  from none, to medium, to
full, and back to  none.  It  is  usually  easiest  to  work in medium
magnify,since this allows you to see almost all of standard 8.5" x 11"
page, while still retaining enough detail to see box contents. You may
then zoom in to full magnification for  fine  work, or pull back to no
magnification to get the overall  impact  of  the page. See also: Page
Position

6.1.5  PAGE POSITION
The PagePosition Gadget is unusual in  that  it changes with the level
of  magnification.  It  only   functions   in   the   medium  to  full
magnification modes. The black area of this gadget represents the area
currently  being  worked  on.  The  white  area  represents  the  area
currently displayed on the screen. In order to display different parts
of the page, Move the white area  over  the  area you wish to see. See
also: Magnify.

6.1.6  BOX
This gadget is used whenever  you  wish  to  create a box. Clicking on
this gadget will cause the  mouse  pointer  to become a cross-hair. To
create a box, position the cross-hair  at  the  upper left of the area
where you want to place the box.  Press  down on the left mouse button
and hold it. then move the mouse pointer until the box is the size you
wish. To create another  box  simply  click  on  the box gadget again.
Since boxes can be created  and  destroyed  at  will,  and there is no
limit to the number of boxes you can  have. it is often a good idea to
do a fast layout of your  page  with  empty boxes, before you start to
fill them. If all  goes  well  your  page  could  be  finished in five
minutes! If not, the power  of  PageSetter  lies at your disposal. See
also: Box requester, Quick Text, Paint, Write.

6.1.7  QUICK TEXT
This gadget enables you to enter  text  into the current box. If there
is no current box (i.e., you have not yet created one) then  QuickText
has no effect. When  this  gadget  is  selected,  you  will be given a
requester  with a string gadget in  it.  Click the mouse on the string
gadget, and enter your string, up to  100 characters. When the text is
complete, click on "OK". If you do  not  wish to enter the string into
the box, click  "Cancel"  instead.  This  function  allows  the use of
enhanced text with the following commands.

        COMMAND       FUNCTION
        \b            Bold
        \i            Italics
        \u            Underline
        \r            Reversed
        \s            Shadowed
        \o            Outlined
        \n            Revert to normal text
        \-            Soft Hyphen
        \p            End of Paragraph

These commands are invoked by including them  in the text, in front of
the word or words  you  want  the  enhancements  made  to. They may be
turned off by including the command again, or by using the "n" (normal
text) command. You can insert any of these commands into any text file
intended for PageSetter, and they will be recognised and used.

The main use for enhanced text styles is to make a piece of text stand
out. The main rule is to be consistent. If you decide to use bold text
for a heading, use it  throughout,  don't switch to underlines halfway
through

Text created using QuickText is  treated  just  as normal text is, and
boxes  filled  with  QuickText  may  be  linked,  unlinked  or  edited
mormally. See also: Box gadget,  Box  menu, Write gadget, Edit gadget,
Link gadget, Unlink gadget.

6.1.8  WRITE
Whenever you exit the text processor,  the text which you were editing
at the time is stored "under" the Write gadget. The mouse pointer will
become a pencil, which you may then click  in the box you wish to fill
with text. If you do not  click  in  a  box  , but do click within the
margins and/or columns  set  up  on  your  page,  an  autobox  will be
created. This box will be as wide as the columns or margins allow, and
as long as possible before  the  box  intersects the bottom margins or
another box, See also Paint gadget

6.1.9  PAINT
The use of the Paint gadget is similar to the use of the Write gadget,
except that it works  with  graphics.  The  information stored "under"
this gadget is in the Paste  buffer  which was clipped in the graphics
editor. If you click outside of the columns or borders, or if there is
nothing stored under this gadget, it  has  no effect. Unlike the Write
gadget, The Paint gadget retains the  image it contains after you have
used it. This means you may use  it  again if you want multiple copies
of the clipart. See also: Write gadget.

6.1.10  EDIT
Selecting this gadget takes the contents of the current box, and moves
it (and you) into the  appropriate  editor.  If you enter the graphics
editor, the clipart in the current box will be in the paste buffer. If
you enter the text processor, the text  in the box or linked chain you
have chosen will be placed in the editor's buffer. This option is most
useful when you are tryimg to achieve  a certain "look" on a page, and
you want to try a number of  variations to achieve it. Using edit, you
can easily put something in  a  box,  look  at  it,  and modify it any
number of times, until you find the effect you are looking for.

6.1.11  MOP
Mop is used to remove the contents  of  a  box (or a linked chain of a
boxes) without destroying the boxes  themselves.  To remove an article
or a piece of clipart, click on the Mop gadget. the mouse pointer will
become a mop  (appropriately  enough).  Move  the  pointer  to the box
(or a box in the chain) that  you  wish  to delete, and click the left
mouse button. PageSetter will then  display  a requester asking if you
are sure you  wish  to  delete  the  contents  of  that  box or chain.
Selecting yes will delete the box's contents. Selecting no will cancel
the operation.

6.1.12  LINK
This gadget allows you to link  two  text boxes together. Selecting it
will change the mouse pointer to  a  pair of linked boxes. clicking it
within another box will link  that  box  to  the bottom of the currant
box.If the box selected  is in the middle of a chain, this  gadget has
no effect. The current box must be a  single box, or the bottom box in
a chain , or this  gadget  has  no  effect.  Link  is  one of the most
powerful operations in PageSetter. You can  use Link to format a large
article through a  number  of  boxes,  without  having  to worry about
reformatting everything whenever you make  changes  to the text. It is
often very effective to lay  out  the  boxes  and link them before you
write text into them, and  the  dump  the  text in one operation. This
allows you  to  set  up  your  page  as  you  want  it,  without being
distracted by the actual words of the  article. Then, you can make any
necessary changes to the layout of the page to suit the text.

6.1.13  UNLINK
This gadget unlinks the boxes  of  a  linked chain. Selecting it turns
the mouse pointer into a pair  of  boxes  with a broken link. Clicking
the pointer in a box in a linked chain separates the chain "above" the
selected box. It is often useful  to  isolate  a piece of text in it's
own box, and then unlink it. This  technique can be used when you want
to use a different font for title or headings or when you want to have
a section of text start at  a  particular point (for instance, the top
of a column or page). To do  this,  make  a chain of at least 3 boxes.
Size the first box so that the text  you wish to isolate starts in the
second box. Then size the second box  so  that the text to be isolated
ends in that  box,  and  unlink  the  second  box  from  the first (by
selecting unlink and clicking in  the  second  box)  and the third box
from the second (repeat the process  with  the third box). The article
will "flow" around the middle box,  which  can then be changed to suit
your taste

6.1.14  NEXTBOX AND PREVIOUSBOX
These gadgets allow you to follow the course of an article through the
linked chain which holds it's text, NextBox moves you down one step in
the chain, PreviousBox moves you up one step. PageSetter automatically
adjusts the page  number  and  the  screen  position  as  necessary to
display the current box. These  gadgets  are  useful for "proofing" an
article after you have finished formatting it.

6.1.15  GRAPHIC ADJUST
This gadget is used to position  a  piece  of clipart within it's box.
Clicking on any of the arrows will  move the clipart one pixel in that
direction. Clicking on  the  centre  of  the  gadget  will  "home" the
clipart (restore it to it's  original  centre-point).  It is usually a
good idea to make the clipart's  box  slightly larger than the clipart
when you do this. This  avoids  having  to  size  the box larger while
trying to position the clipart properly.  Using magnify mode will give
you more control of the  final  result.  See also: Paint gadget, Image
editor.

6.2   REQUESTERS

6.2.1  COLOUR ADJUSTMENT
This requester is accessed  through  the  Preferences menu. By sliding
the knobs in the three colour gadgets, you may set the amounts of red,
green and blue, which comprise the  colour  of  the ink, the paper, or
the grid. it is often  a  good  idea  to  set  the paper colour to the
colour of the paper which you  will  be  printing on. See also: Colour
menu.

6.2.2  BOX REQUESTER
This requester contains  various gadgets which  may be used to set the
attributes for either the default  box,  or  the  current box. You may
call up either requester  by using the Box menu. The gadgets and their
effects are.

Transparency: Makes the box "see  through".  That  is,  if this box is
placed over another box, the contents  of  the covered box  will still
be visible. This effect  is  most  useful  when  putting text close to
graphics, or when placing many boxes close together.

Shadow: Selecting this gadget causes  a  shadow to be displayed around
the right and bottom  edges  of  the  box.  Note that selecting Shadow
automatically deselects Transparency. Transparent boxes  do not cast a
shadow.

Background: This selects the background textures used in the box.

Border: This selects the border used around the box. It is recommended
that you have a border on  all  shadowed boxes. (Much of the shadowing
effect is lost, otherwise).

Justification: The four justification gadgets  allow you to choose how
your text will be  displayed  within  the  page.  You may choose flush
right or  left justified (both  sides  even)  or  centred. Only one of
these gadgets may be selected at any  one time. Normally you will want
left justified or flush formatting.

Centered is best used for headers, titles, banners, and similar text.

TopMargin and LeftMargin: These gadgets  contain the values (in inches
or picas) for the  border  of  the  box. PageSetter will automatically
adjust any value  entered  into  these  gadgets  to  correspond to the
smallest possible increments of space on  your printer. You can safely
ignore these parameters if you  don't  have  any  borders on your box,
since nothing will be printed  there  anyway.  If  you do have borders
PageSetter will supply suggested margins,  but  you are free to change
these as you wish. With thicker borders you will want larger margins.

Font: Choosing this  gadget  causes  the  Font  requester  to  pop up.
PageSetter is compatible with all fonts usable by the Amiga. For large
bodies of text a 12 point font  will show up clearly. ( Ruby, Diamond,
etc). For footnotes or line print  an  8 point font gives good results
(Topaz works well in most cases).  Titles  , headings etc, are usually
15 points, and may go much larger, depending on application.

Leading: This gadget sets the  amount  of leading (space between lines
of text measured in points) within a  box. Most fonts use a leading of
zero, however, you may wish  to  increase  it,  to make your text more
readable, or to make a small amount of text fill a large area.

Border Position gadgets: These three gadgets  allow you to chose where
the borders of your box will be displayed. the options are: all round,
top and bottom only, or sides only.  Normal use (putting text within a
visible border) demands  that  you  use  borders  on  all  four sides.
However, you can use empty  boxes  with  either horizontal or vertical
borders to generate horizontal  or  vertical  lines.  If  you want two
identical lines, just set the box to transparent and/or move it behind
all the other boxes, and size  it  appropriately. If you only want one
line, cover one of the borders with an opaque, empty box.

Tracking gadgets: The tracking gadget allows you to select the maximum
allowable space (in points) Between letters and words when using flush
justification mode.

6.2.3 PAGE REQUESTER
The Page requester is used to set the attributes of either the default
or current page, depending on  you  selection  from the Page menu. The
Page requester contains gadgets which will  allow you to choose one of
four standard  page  types  (Standard  8.5"x  11",  Legal,  A4 or A6).
Selecting any of these gadgets  will  automatically set the page size,
and give you a recommended  column  size.  You  may  also set your own
custom page by clicking  within  the  page  size gadgets, and entering
your own figures. Maximum page size is 8.5"x 14". Minimum page size is
2"x 1". The Page requester  also  contains  gadgets  to set the right,
left, top and bottom margins,  and  to  set  the number of columns and
their  widths.  PageSetter  automatically  adjusts  these  numbers  to
correspond to the pixel size  of  your printer. PageSetter detects and
warns you of any  illegal  input  (eg,  column  widths  wider than the
page).

6.3  THE FILE SELECTOR
The file selector is used when ever PageSetter requires you to enter a
file name. This occurs  when  you  load  or  save  a document, ClipArt
screens or text file. The  file  selector will automatically display a
list of all the files in  the  current directory (drawer). If you wish
to examine another disc simply insert  the disc, click in the "Drawer"
gadget and type the name of  the  disc or the drive specification (ie,
"df0:" ). Upon hitting RETURN  PageSetter  will load the directory and
list the files. There are two  ways  to examine a sub-directory: click
on the directory name in the  file window (directory are designated by
"<DIR>" after the name )  or  click  the  "Drawer" gadget and type the
directory name.

CHAPTER 7

HELPFUL HINTS
PageSetter is a very powerful and  complex, and it would be impossible
to list all of the possible tricks and techniques which can be used to
produce the best  possible  results.  However,  within  the  limits of
space, we have provided some of  the more useful procedures here. Also
included  is  a  section  on  memory  management.  Read  this  chapter
carefully.

7.1  FORMATTING ARTICLES
Whenever you have a long article to  put  onto your page, it is a good
idea to lay out  the  general  appearance  of  the  page, in full size
mode,with empty boxes. Then, when the overall layout is complete, link
the boxes together and Write the  text  into  the chain. You will find
that if you start at the  very  beginning  of  the chain, and link the
boxes in order through to the end,  you  will be able to do it quickly
and effectively (again this is best done  in full size mode). The Link
command was designed to be used in just this way.

7.2  ALIGNING BOXES AND THEIR CONTENTS
Once you have your article  on  the  page,  you  will want to align it
exactly the way you want it to  appear  on paper. This is best done in
two steps, to  guarantee  correct  positioning  overall,  and also the
pixel level.

First, go to medium magnify  mode  and  align  the boxes as closely as
possible at this level (use the QuickMove option to speed this up). At
the same time, ensure  that  the  overall  appearance  of your page is
correct. Then, when you have  completed  this  move to maximum magnify
and adjust the boxes precisely. for easier movement of text you should
have the QuickMove option turned off.

7.3  SPECIAL EFFECTS WITH BOXES
Boxes were designed as  simple  devices  to  hold  and locate text and
graphics. However,  experience  with  PageSetter  shows  that,  with a
little imagination, they can be used  for much more. For instance, you
can use an opaque, empty box  to  cover  up  another box or portion of
another box. you  can  do  this  to  hide  a  portion  of  ClipArt, to
temporarily "hide" a section of the page,  or any of a number of other
things. Similarly,  you  can  use  box  enhancements  to  add  special
elements to your page. You can  put  a border around an entire portion
of your display (for  instance,  a  coupon  at  the  bottom of a page)
consisting of many boxes simply  by  making  an empty, transparent box
with the border of your choice and  putting it over the entire section
that you want  bordered,  you  can  also  use  empty  boxes  with only
vertical or horizontal borders to  separate  columns, provide lines to
emphasis a section of your page  ,or  for  any other purpose you might
discover.
Or you can use  empty  borderless  boxes  with  various backgrounds to
provide shading effect. Boxes are  best  thought of as general purpose
display  control  tools,  rather   than   simple   text  and  graphics
containers.

7.4  SEPARATING HEADERS AND TITLES
When laying out an article  you  will  usually want to include titles,
section headers, captions,  etc,  in  the  text  when  you  create it.
However, when you  display  the  article,  these  components should be
separated from the main body  of  the  text,  and  possibly shown in a
different font or typeface. In order  to easily isolate such features,
you should use the following technique: Your article should be written
into a chain of at least three boxes.  If you have fewer boxes in your
chain, use the link gadget to  add  more.  Then, size the first box in
the chain  so that the text you  want  to isolate starts in the second
box. Then size the second box so that  only the text to be isolated is
in that box. Then, unlink the second box from the first, and the third
box from the second. If  you  have  followed this procedure correctly,
you will be left  with  two  chains  of  boxes containing the original
article, minus the header or title  which  you isolated. The header or
title  will be displayed in it's own  box. You can then change the box
attributes to display it's contents as  you  like. Resizing any of the
boxes in the chain will  have  no  effect  on  this  box. You can also
remove sections of  your  article,  by  isolating  and then discarding
(Mopping or Deleting) the unwanted text.

7.5  GRAPHICS EDITOR HINTS
When you load an IFF graphics file (the standard Amiga graphic format)
into the graphics editor, the graphics editor automatically adjusts it
so that if may be displayed in PageSetter. Colours are translated into
shadings, pictures which are  320  pixels  wide  are  doubled, and the
bottom half of interlaced (hi-res) pictures is discarded (eg, only the
top 200 pixel rows are read  into  the graphics editor). However, this
processing does  not  always  give  the  best  results  for displaying
graphics. For the  best  effects  you  should  create  or  use ClipArt
specifically intended for PageSetter. That means  you should use 640 X
200 pixels resolution (medium resolution)  and one bitplane (black and
white). Also, you must remember that there is a difference between the
aspect ratio of the screen  and  that  of the printer. This difference
means that ClipArt will  be  slightly  distorted when transferred from
the screen to the printer. You can  get  around this by using the Clip
5:4 option, which expands the ClipArt  vertically, to match the aspect
ratio of  the  printer  (note  that  the  ClipArt  will  look slightly
stretched vertically on the screen). You can improve the appearance of
the ClipArt by pasting it back down  in  the Graphic Editor at 1:1 and
touching  up  the  horizontal  lines   which   are  thickened  by  the
stretching. Then use the  Clip  1:1  option  to  move the ClipArt into
PageSetter.

7.6  AUTOBOX HINTS
Use columns and  the  Autobox  function  whenever  you  are creating a
single text or graphics box.  You  will  find  that this will speed up
your  work  considerably.  Using   Autobox  requires  two  operations;
checking write or paint and then  clicking  the mouse within a column.
The alternative requires 5 operations; click  box, create and size the
box, click write or paint and then  click in the box just created. You
would then have to position and re-size  the  box to fit your page. It
is much easier to use Autobox. However, when formatting large articles
(as described above) it is faster  to  create and link the whole chain
before splitting text.

If you are sizing a box you can abort the size operation by moving the
mouse over the gadgets  or  the  menu  bar  before releasing the mouse
button.

If you think you have "lost"  a  box,  try turning the rulers off. The
rulers are shown over the Artboard and a small box could be completely
hidden behind them. If this doesn't work, you should systematically go
through all the boxes on your page and  move them to the back, just to
be sure that the lost box hasn't been hidden behind a larger one.

If you aren't sure where your  article  ends use the NextBox gadget to
get to the last box in the article's  chain. Then check to see if that
box has the "Move" gadget  in  the  lower  right hand corner (it looks
like a small box in the lower right hand corner). If it is there, then
you will have to make that  box  larger  or  link another box to it to
display the rest of you article.

If you are just lining  boxes  up  roughly,  you will probably find it
advantageous to use the QuickMove option in the Preferences menu. This
option moves only the  box  outline,  and  not  the contents. For this
reason, it is much faster than  normal  box movement, as well as using
less memory

7.7  PRINTER LIMITATIONS
Many printers take  8.5"  X  11"  tractor  feed  paper,  but  will not
actually print past the 8" mark when  used with the Amiga. If you find
that your printer will not produce output  beyond the 8" mark you will
have to adjust your boxes to fit within 8"

7.8  MEMORY MANAGEMENT
PageSetter is a large program, and it manipulates quite a large amount
of data. For this reason, it is a  good  idea to keep a close watch on
the amount memory you  are  using.  For  instance  if  you are using a
second disc drive, you automatically  lose  20K of memory. This memory
is required by the disk drive for  data buffers etc.. Also much of the
memory pagesetter uses is used  by  the  Amiga coprocessor chips which
can access only the lower 512K (chip memory) on the Amiga 1000.

This means that you can still get a  low memory warning if you have a
two megabyte expansion card,  especially  if  you  have   a great many
boxes displayed at once.A box may require  as much as 95K of temporary
memory  while  moving.  You   can   use   quickmove   to  reduce  this
considerably. Note that if there is insufficient memory to display the
box contents while moving. Pagesetter  will automatically put you into
quickmove mode.
If you find that you cannot exit from the graphics or text editors, it
means that there is not  enough  memory  left  to allocate the text or
graphics buffers required. If this  happens,  you can usually get back
to PageSetter by clearing the Clip buffer or the paste butter. (In the
graphics editor, you can clear the Clip buffer by making a tiny, empty
frame and Clipping it). If  all  else  fails  PageSetter will save you
document under the file name  "Emergency  save" and terminate. If this
happens you  should  re-run  PageSetter,  load  "Emergency  save", and
rename it to the desired document name.

If you find that you cannot  bring  up  the Save As function, it means
there is not enough memory to bring up the Save As requester. However,
you can duplicate  this  function  by  Renaming  (which  requires less
memory) followed by save (which takes no extra memory at all).

PageSetter is designed to be  used  in a multi-processing environment.
That means that you can run  other  programs  at the same time you are
running PageSetter. However, doing this uses  up memory, and may cause
PageSetter or  the  other  program(s)  to  crash  unexpectedly through
memory  conflict.  To  avoid  this  you  may  have  to  forgo  running
PageSetter with other pieces  of  software especially memory intensive
programs. More  importantly, SAVE YOUR WORK OFTEN!!! most importantly,
save your work as soon  as  you  get  a  low memory warning. This will
avoid serious setbacks not only if the  system runs out of memory, but
also if there is a power failure, lighting strike, earthquake, nuclear
war of other disaster. If you save  every  hour, you can lose only one
hour of work. If you save every fifteen minutes, you lose only fifteen
minutes work. Also. it is important  to keep multiple back-ups of your
work. If something happens to one  disk  you will still have the back-
up.

If all  the  above  warnings  sound  serious,  be  reassured  that the
situation is not as bad as it seems. Most low memory will be caused by
a lack of contiguous CHIP memory. This means that the program requires
a chunk of memory of a certain  size,  and all in one piece. There may
be lots of memory left to  use,  but  not  in a large enough block. To
help you avoid problems caused  by this situation, PageSetter provides
you with a memory  clean-up  whenever  you  get  a low memory warning,
(after you save your work) and  PageSetter will refresh itself so that
the largest  possible  memory  blocks  are  available  for  your  use.
PageSetter also does  this  whenever  you  exit  the  graphics or text
editor. With reasonable care, you should  be  able  to a avoid all low
memory problems.

APPENDIX A

A GLOSSARY OF PRINTING TERMS
This section contains a list of  many  of  the technical terms used by
printers and typesetters in their  business.  Many of these terms have
been handed down  from  Gutenberg's  day,  and  not  all  are directly
applicable to Desktop  publishing   Others  refer  to procedures taken
care of automatically be  PageSetter,  which  you  don't have to worry
about. Still, it is interesting,  and  often  helpful to known what is
happening "behind the scenes" A deeper understanding of the techniques
and processes of printing  will  help  you produce crisp, professional
results.

A.1  ASPECT RATIO
The aspect ratio is the relationship between the height of a pixel and
it's width. This is important in Desktop Publishing because the aspect
ratio of the screen, and that  of  the  printer  are not the same. For
this reason, what is square on  the  screen will be slightly elongated
horizontally on the printer (by a  factor  of 5:4). Similarly, what is
square on the printer will seem slightly squashed on the screen (again
by a factor of  5:4).  This  is  not  too  important when dealing with
fonts, but is very  important  when  dealing  with  graphics. For this
reason PageSetter allows you to create graphics of either aspect ratio
(screen or printer) and have them  print out properly. (This option is
in the Clip and  Paste  options  of  the  Frame  menu  in the graphics
editor). If you can, you are  better  off  to  allow for the change in
aspect ratios, and create your ClipArt  to print properly, rather than
display properly (after  all  printing  is  what  this  program is all
about). This avoids the slight  distortion caused when PageSetter uses
the 5:4 scaling, and produces crisper pictures. See also: Pixel

A.2  BOLD
Bold indicates that a font has been modified to have a heavier, denser
look. It is typically used for headings,  or to make a section of text
stand out from it's surroundings. Bold mode may be invoked by entering
a "b" into the text before  it  is displayed. See also: Stroke Weight,
Style, Shadow, Plain, Outline, Underline, Italic, Reverse.

A.3  CLIPART
ClipArt is the term used  to  refer  to  computerized images which are
stored on disk, ready to  be  "clipped"  out and incorporated into the
user's publishing. PageSetter uses ClipArt  stored  in the IFF format,
which is the standard used  for  graphics  files  on the Amiga system.
This means that files created  on  other Amiga graphics packages, such
as Aegis Images or  DeluxePaint  may  be  incorporated into PageSetter
with no difficulty.

In order to create usable ClipArt on an external graphics package, you
should create it in medium resolution mode (6400X200). You can use low
resolution (320X200)  but  the  ClipArt  will  be  squashed.  For best
results, you should used  only  one  bitplane  (black and white mode).
PageSetter will grey-scale  colour  images,  but  they  may  look very
different when printed.

A.4  EM
As Em is one of the basic measures  of type width. Unlike the point or
the pica, which are absolute the  Em  is a relative measurement. it is
defined as the width of the capital  "M",  In the font being used (The
capital "M" is usually the widest  letter  in any font). See also: En,
Thinspace Pitch.

A.5  EN
An En is another basic measure of type width, being equal to the width
of the letter "N" (or 1/2  of  an  em). This is a relative measurement
(unlike picas and points,  which  are  absolute  measurements), and is
related to the pitch of  the  font  being  referred  to, see also: Em,
Thinspace, Pitch.

A.6  FACE
Technically "face" refers to a  particular  style of type while "font"
specifies not only type style, but  also  type size. Emerald, Ruby and
Topaz are all faces. See also: Font.

A.7  FONT
A Font is  a  particular  size  and  style  of  type.  eg.  Emerald 20
designates the Emerald typeface, with a height of 20 points. Note that
two different fonts may have the  same  height  (eg, Topaz 12 and Ruby
12), but different  width.  In  modern  parlance,  face  and font have
become almost interchageable. See also: Point, Face.

A.8  ITALIC
When a character is printed  in  italics,  it  means  that it has been
modified from the  normal  font  to  slant  to  the  right. Italicized
characters look as though the tops  of  the characters had been pushed
to the right. Italics are usually used for emphasis in a body of text.
You may set italics in PageSetter by including a "I" within your text.
See also: Plain, Bold, Outline, Underline

A.17  PLAIN
In the Amiga system,  plain  refers  to  text  which  has  not had any
enhancements made to it. In PageSetter,  plain (or normal) mode may be
invoked by imbedding a "N" into any  text  before in is written into a
box. This is used to turn off any enhancements which may be turned on.
One "N" will  cancel  all  enhancements  currently  invoked. See also:
Style, Outline, Underline, Bold, Italic, Shadow, Plain, Reverse.

A18  POINT
Point is one of the basic measurements used in typesetting. A point is
equal to 1/12th of a  pica,  or  approximately  1/72  of an inch. Font
height is measured in  points.  (For  instance,  Ruby 15 indicates the
Ruby font  at  a  height  of  15  points.)  In  PageSetter  in maximum
magnification, one pixel is  one  point  high.  See  also: Pica, Font,
Pixel

A.19  REVERSE
Reverse is an enhancement which can  be  used to have a standard Amiga
font print  "backwards".  That  is,  white  becomes  black,  and black
becomes white, reverse  is  exclusive  to  PageSetter  and  may not be
available on other Amiga  packages.  Reverse  mode  may  be invoked by
imbedding an "R" into  any  text  file  which  is  to  be displayed in
PageSetter. See also: Style, Outline, Underline, Bold, Italic.

A.20  SHADOW
Shadow is an enhancement mode which  gives  a  standard Amiga font a 3
dimensional look, by having  it  appear  to  cast  a shadow. Shadow is
exclusive to PageSetter,  and  may  not  be  available  on other Amiga
packages. Shadow mode may  be  invoked  by  imbedding a "s" (backslash
"s") into any text (either in  quick  text  or in the text editor) See
also: Style, Outline, Underline, Bold, Italic, Reverse.

A.21  STROKE WEIGHT
Stroke Weight refers to the thickness  of  the lines which make up the
characters in a  font.  A  bold  font  (or  text  which  has  the bold
enhancement) has a  heavier  stroke  weight,  and  therefore  a darker
appearance, than a normal font.

A.22  STYLE
Style indicates the enhancements  made  to  a  font in PageSetter. The
various styles are  Plain,  Bold,  Underline,  Reverse  and Shadow. Of
these, Outline and Shadow  are  only  available  under PageSetter. The
styles may be turned on by placing a "(backslash) followed by a letter
in front of  the  text  you  wish  enhanced.  Placing  the enhancement
command or a "N"  after  the  enhanced  text  will  return the text to
normal mode. The different styles may  be combined freely, but not all
combinations produce attractive results.

A.23  THINSPACE
The Thinspace is one of the  relative measures used in typesetting, and
is usually equal to one half an em. See also: Em, En.

A.24  TYPEFACE
See Face.


A.25  UNDERLINE
Underlining is a text  enhancement  made  under  the  Amiga system. In
PageSetter underlining may be invoked by  using the "U" command before
the text  you  wish  underlined.  Using  the  "N"  command  after  the
underlining will return the text to  normal. See also: Style, Outline,
Underline, Italic, Bold, Shadow.

CONTENTS


Chapter  1                             Chapter  3:
           Introduction                          The Grapnics Editor

 1.1 ..... GETTING STARTED             3.1 ..... USING THE GRAPHICS
                                                         EDITOR
                                       3.2 ..... BRUSHES AND THE
Chapter  2:                                             SPRAY CAN
           Tutorial                    3.3 ..... THE CURRENT COLOUR

 2.1 ..... USING PAGESETTER            3.4 ..... CONTINUOUS AND NON-
                                                     CONTINUOUS DRAW
 2.2 ..... LOADING PAGESETTER          3.5 ..... LINE DRAW

 2.3 ..... CREATING A PAGE             3.6 ..... DRAWING SHAPES

 2.4 ..... CREATING A BOX              3.7 ..... FILLING AREAS
 2.4.1 ... What is a Box?
 2.4.2 ... The Current Box             3.8 ..... MAGNIFY MODE

 2.5 ..... FILLING THE BOX             3.9 ..... I'VE BEEN FRAMED!
                 WITH QUICKTEXT
 2.6 ..... TAKING A CLOSER LOOK        3.10 .... ENTERING TEXT

 2.7 ..... CUSTOMIZING YOUR BOX        3.11 .... CORRECTING ERRORS

 2.8 ..... MOVING, SIZING AND          3.12 .... CO-ORDINATES
                 DESTROYING BOXES
 2.9 ..... CLIPART MADE EASY
 2.9.1 ... Where is my Clipart?        Chapter  4:
 2.9.2 ... Adjusting your Clipart                The Text Editor

 2.10 .... LOADING TEXT WITH           4.1 ..... USING THE TEXT EDITOR
                 THE TEXT EDITOR
 2.10.1 .. Where's the Text?           4.2 ..... MOVING AND EDITING
 2.10.2 .. My Box isn't Big Enough?
                                       4.3 ..... THE PROJECT MENU
 2.11 .... LINKING BOXES               4.3.1 ... Loading and Saving
 2.11.1 .. Articles                              Files
 2.11.2 .. Tracing a Chain             4.3.2 ... Printing Files
 2.11.3 .. Ulinking Boxes              4.3.3 ... Clearing the Editor
                                                 and the Paste Buffer
 2.12 .... EDITING THE CURRENT BOX
                                       4.4 ..... THE EDIT MENU
 2.13 .... MOPPING UP                  4.4.1 ... Mark and Exchange
                                       4.4.2 ... Find
 2.14 .... PRINTING YOUR PAGE          4.4.3 ... Replace
                                       4.4.4 ... Again
 2.15 .... PRINTING YOUR PAGE          4.4.5 ... Top and Bottom
 2.15.1 .. Colour Adjust
 2.15.2 .. Columns                     4.5 ..... THE BLOCK MENU
 2.15.3 .. Autobox                     4.5.1 ... Unblock
 2.15.4 .. Page Selector               4.5.2 ... Top and Bottom
 2.15.5 .. Snap                        4.5.3 ... Cut
 2.15.6 .. Quickmove                   4.5.4 ... Copy
Chapter  5:                            Chapter  7:
           Editing and Publishing                Helpful Hints

 5.1 ..... POWER PUBLISHING
 5.1.1 ... Attention Getting, or       7.1 ..... FORMATTING ARTICLES
           How to Scream on Paper
 5.1.2 ... Earning Interest            7.2 ..... ALIGNING BOXES AND
                                                      THEIR CONTENTS
 5.2 ..... ADVERTISING                 7.3 ..... SPECIAL EFFECTS
 5.2.1 ... Components of an Ad                            WITH BOXES
 5.2.2 ... Attractive Ads              7.4 ..... SEPARATING HEADERS
 5.2.3 ... Become an Ad-Man, or                           AND TITLES
           How to buy a BMW in         7.5 ..... GRAPHIC EDITOR HINTS
           3 Easy Lessons
                                       7.6 ..... AUTO BOX HINTS
 5.3 ..... NEWSLETTERS
 5.3.1 ... Contributions               7.7 ..... PRINTER LIMITATIONS
 5.3.2 ... Expanding Your
           Newsletter                  7.8 ..... MEMORY MANAGEMENT
 5.3.3 ... And in Supporting
           Roles.....
 5.3.4 ... Columns and Regular         APPENDIX: A Glossary of
           Features                                    Printing Terms
 5.3.5 ... This Report Just In
 5.3.6 ... Finishing Touches           A.1 ..... ASPECT RATIO
 5.3.7 ... A Picture's Worth a
           Thousand Words              A.2 ..... BOLD
 5.3.8 ... Taking your own
           Photographs                 A.3 ..... CLIP ART
 5.3.9 ... Getting your Photograph
           into the Newsletter         A.4 ..... EM
 5.3.10 .. Alternatives to
           Photography                 A.5 ..... EN
 5.3.11 .. Publishing With Style
                                       A.6 ..... FACE

Chapter  6:                            A.7 ..... FONT
           Reference Section
                                       A.8 ..... ITALIC
 6.1 ..... THE GADGETS
 6.1.1 ... Page Selection Gadget       A.9 ..... PLAIN
 6.1.2 ... BoxTOFront and BoxToBack
 6.1.3 ... Grid, Ruler, Snap,          A.10 .... POINT
           Margins and Box Outlines
 6.1.4 ... Magnify                     A.11 .... REVERSE
 6.1.5 ... Page Position
 6.1.6 ... Box                         A.12 .... SHADOW
 6.1.7 ... QuickText
 6.1.8 ... Write                       A.13 .... STROKE WEIGHT
 6.1.9 ... Plain
                                       A.14 .... STYLE

                                       A.15 .... THINSPACE

                                       A.16 .... TYPEFACE

                                       A.17 .... UNDERLINE